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Camille Pissarro



Camille Pissarro (10 July 1830 – 13 November 1903) was a French Impressionist painter. His importance resides not only in his visual contributions to Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, but also in his patriarchal standing among his colleagues, particularly Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin.

Early life and work

Jacob-Abraham-Camille Pissarro was born at Charlotte Amalie (St. Thomas), Virgin Islands, to Abraham Gabriel Pissarro, a Portuguese Sephardic Jew, and Rachel Manzano-Pomié, from the Dominican Republic. Pissarro lived in St. Thomas until age 12, when he went to a boarding school in Paris. He returned to St. Thomas where he drew in his free time. Pissarro was attracted to anarchism, an attraction that may have originated during his years in St. Thomas. In 1852, he traveled to Venezuela with the Danish artist Fritz Melbye. In 1855, Pissarro left for Paris, where he studied at various academic institutions (including the École des Beaux-Arts and Académie Suisse) and under a succession of masters such as Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet, and Charles-François Daubigny. Corot is sometimes considered Pissarro's most important early influence; Pissarro listed himself as Corot’s pupil in the catalogues to the 1864 and 1865 Paris Salons.


His finest early works (See Jalais Hill, Pontoise, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) are characterized by a broadly painted (sometimes with palette knife) naturalism derived from Courbet, but with an incipient Impressionist palette.


Pissarro married Julie Vellay, a maid in his mother's household. Of their eight children, one died at birth and one daughter died aged nine. The surviving children all painted, and Lucien, the oldest son, became a follower of William Morris.


The London years


Norwood, National Gallery, LondonThe Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 compelled Pissarro to flee his home in Louveciennes in September 1870; he returned in June 1871 to find that the house, and along with it many of his early paintings, had been destroyed by Prussian soldiers. Initially his family was taken in by a fellow artist in Montfoucault, but by December 1870 they had taken refuge in London and settled at Westow Hill in Upper Norwood (today better known as Crystal Palace). A Blue Plaque now marks the site of the house on the building at 77a Westow Hill.


Through the paintings Pissarro completed at this time, he records Sydenham and the Norwoods at a time when they were just recently connected by railways, but prior to the expansion of suburbia. One of the largest of these paintings is a view of St. Bartholomew's Church at Lawrie Park Avenue, commonly known as The Avenue, Sydenham, in the collection of the London National Gallery. Twelve oil paintings date from his stay in Upper Norwood and are listed and illustrated in the catalogue raisonné prepared jointly by his fifth child Ludovic-Rodolphe Pissarro and Lionello Venturi and published in 1939. These paintings include Norwood Under the Snow, and Lordship Lane Station, views of The Crystal Palace relocated from Hyde Park, Dulwich College, Sydenham Hill, All Saints Church, and a lost painting of St. Stephen's Church.


Unknown photographer, Camille Pissarro and his wife, Julie Vellay, 1877, PontoiseWhilst in Upper Norwood Pissarro was introduced to the art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel, who bought two of his 'London' paintings. Durand-Ruel subsequently became the most important art dealer of the new school of French Impressionism.


Returning to France, in 1890 Pissarro again visited England and painted some ten scenes of central London. He came back again in 1892, painting in Kew Gardens and Kew Green, and also in 1897, when he produced several oils of Bedford Park, Chiswick. For more details of his British visits, see Nicholas Reed, "Camille Pissarro at Crystal Palace" and "Pissarro in West London", published by Lilburne Press.


Art and legacy


Pissarro painted rural and urban French life, particularly landscapes in and around Pontoise, as well as scenes from Montmartre. His mature work displays an empathy for peasants and laborers, and sometimes evidences his radical political leanings. He was a mentor to Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin and his example inspired many younger artists, including Californian Impressionist Lucy Bacon.


The Côte des Bœufs at L’Hermitage, 1877.Pissarro's influence on his fellow Impressionists is probably still underestimated; not only did he offer substantial contributions to Impressionist theory, but he also managed to remain on friendly, mutually respectful terms with such difficult personalities as Edgar Degas, Cézanne and Gauguin. Pissarro exhibited at all eight of the Impressionist exhibitions. Moreover, whereas Monet was the most prolific and emblematic practitioner of the Impressionist style, Pissarro was nonetheless a primary developer of Impressionist technique.


Pissarro experimented with Neo-Impressionist ideas between 1885 and 1890. Discontented with what he referred to as "romantic Impressionism," he investigated Pointillism which he called "scientific Impressionism" before returning to a purer Impressionism in the last decade of his life.


In March 1893, in Paris, Gallery Durand-Ruel organized a major exhibition of 46 of Pissarro's works along with 55 others by Antonio de La Gandara. But while the critics acclaimed Gandara, their appraisal of Pissarro's art was less enthusiastic.


Pissarro died in Paris on 13 November 1903 and was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery.


During his lifetime, Camille Pissarro sold few of his paintings. By 2005, however, some of his works were selling in the range of U.S. $2 to 4 million.


Descendants and family


Camille's great-grandson, Joachim Pissarro, is former Head Curator of Drawing and Painting at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and is now a professor in Hunter College's Art Department. His great-granddaughter, Lélia, is a painter and resides in London. From the only daughter of Camille, - Jeanne Pissarro, other painters include Henri Bonin-Pissarro also known as BOPI (1918–2003) and Claude Bonin-Pissarro (born 1921), who is the father of Abstract artist Frédéric Bonin-Pissarro (born 1964).

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Pour le définir par son trait caractéristique, on peut dire qu'il a été le peintre de la nature agreste et de la vie rustique. Il n'a aucunement recherché dans la nature les motifs rares, il n'a point cru que le peintre dût se mettre en quête d'horizons exceptionnels. Les sites qui lui sont allés directement au cœur, où il a découvert le charme le ...
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Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro (* 10. Juli 1830 in Charlotte Amalie, Dänisch-Westindien &dagger 12. November 1903 in Paris) war einer der bedeutendsten und produktivsten Maler des Impressionismus. Leben Elternhaus, Kindheit und Jugend Zwei schwatzende Frauen am Meer, 1856 L'Hermitage à Pontoise, 1867 Straße von Louveciennes, 1872 Die Eisenbahnbrü...
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Jacob Camille Pissarro (Charlotte Amalie, 10 luglio 1830 - Parigi, 13 novembre 1903) è stato un pittore francese, tra i maggiori esponenti dell'Impressionismo. Nacque nelle Antille danesi, da famiglia ebrea. Dapprima commesso nella bottega di merciaio del padre, ed avendo una grande passione per il disegno, appena poté scappò di casa alla volta del...
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Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro, más conocido como Camille Pissarro (* Saint Thomas, 10 de julio de 1830 - &dagger París, 13 de noviembre de 1903), fue un pintor impresionista y después neo-impresionista francés. Está considerado como uno de los fundadores del movimiento impresionista. Como decano del impresionismo tuvo un importante papel de conci...
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Камиль Писсарро (10 июля 1830 - 13 ноября 1903), французский художник-импрессионист. Его важность заключается не только в его визуальной вклад в импрессионизма и постимпрессионизма, но и в его патриархальной позиции среди своих коллег, в частности, Поля Сезанна и Поля Гогена. Ранняя жизнь и творчество Яков-Авраам-Камиль Писсарро родился в Шарлотта-...
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毕沙罗(1830年7月10日 - 1903年11月13日)是法国印象派画家。他的重要性所在,不仅在他的视觉印象派和后印象派的贡献,但他在他的同事们,尤其是保罗塞尚,保罗高更宗法地位。 早期的生活和工作 雅各布亚伯拉罕 - 毕沙罗出生在夏洛特阿马利亚(圣托马斯),维尔京群岛,亚伯拉罕加布里埃尔毕沙罗,葡萄牙瑟底犹太人犹太人,和雷切尔曼萨诺Pomié,从多米尼加共和国。毕沙罗住在圣托马斯,直到12岁,当他在巴黎一所寄宿学校。他回到圣托马斯,他在他的空闲时间提请。毕沙罗被吸引到无政府主义,过程中可能起源于他多年在圣托马斯的吸引力。 1852年,他前往委内瑞拉与丹麦艺术家弗里茨Melbye。在1855年,毕沙罗离开巴黎,在那里他在各种学术机构(包括ECOLE DES美术艺术和Académie瑞士)和...
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Camille Pissarro (10 de julho de 1830 - 13 Novembro 1903) foi um pintor impressionista francês. Sua importância reside não só em suas contribuições visuais para impressionismo e pós-impressionismo, mas também em sua posição patriarcal entre seus colegas, principalmente Paul Cézanne e Paul Gauguin. Primeiros anos de vida e trabalho Jacob-Abraham-Cam...
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カミーユピサロ(1830年7月10日 - 1903年11月13日)はフランス印象派の画家。彼の重要性は、特にポールセザンヌ、ゴーギャン、だけでなく、印象派とポスト印象派の彼の視覚的な貢献ではなく、彼の同僚の間で彼の家父長的地位に置かれます。 初期の生活と仕事 ジェイコブ - アブラハム - カミーユピサロは、ドミニカ共和国から、アブラハムガブリエルピサロ、ポルトガル語セファルディ系ユダヤ人、そしてレイチェルマンザーノ- Pomiéに、シャーロットアマリエ(セントトーマス)、バージン諸島で生まれた。ピサロは、彼がパリの寄宿学校に行った時、12歳まではセントトーマスに住んでいた。彼は彼の自由な時間に描いたセントトーマスに戻った。ピサロは、セントトーマス島の彼の年の間に起源を持つ可能性アナキズム、...
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Building the church in 3D.... (2%)